{"id":5722,"date":"2019-07-28T18:05:29","date_gmt":"2019-07-28T16:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/?p=5722"},"modified":"2019-07-29T06:54:05","modified_gmt":"2019-07-29T04:54:05","slug":"thermidor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/2019\/07\/28\/thermidor\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermidor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Le-Vengeur-du-peuple.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5726\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Le-Vengeur-du-peuple-300x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Le-Vengeur-du-peuple-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Le-Vengeur-du-peuple.jpg 649w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Naufrage du <\/em><\/strong><strong>Vengeur du Peuple<em> \u2013 Juin 1794<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 48pt; color: #c00000;\">Il y a aujourd\u2019hui 225 ans\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #c00000; font-size: 48pt;\">THERMIDOR<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Ils savaient leur r\u00e9volution vaincue. Ils savaient qu\u2019ils allaient mourir. Il y avait eu, au mois d\u2019avril, l\u2019aggravation de la sant\u00e9 de Robespierre et son \u00e9loignement de 40 jours des affaires (oui, c\u2019est l\u2019essentiel de la Terreur), non seulement parce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait sans forces mais parce que les freins du char de l\u2019\u00c9tat avaient l\u00e2ch\u00e9, sa conduite d\u00e9sormais aux mains des fripons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Que fait-on dans ces circonstances\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">On d\u00e9missionne, on se d\u00e9solidarise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Sauf en cas d\u2019invasion du territoire\u00a0: les arm\u00e9es des Coalis\u00e9s marchaient sur Paris. Membre du gouvernement, il avait sign\u00e9, la mort dans l\u2019\u00e2me, tout ce qu\u2019on lui avait apport\u00e9, par principe, sans y regarder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le 8 juin, pendant la F\u00eate de l\u2019\u00catre Supr\u00eame, alors que tous d\u00e9filaient, leur petit bouquet de fleurs \u00e0 la main, suivant le rituel que venait d\u2019ordonner David, Philippe Le Bas, d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9, avait r\u00e9solu de se suicider sans attendre et pri\u00e9 sa jeune femme de l\u2019accompagner dans la mort. Elisabeth, qui venait d\u2019accoucher d\u2019un petit Philippe, dont elle ne savait pas encore qu\u2019il deviendrait le S\u00e9n\u00e8que fran\u00e7ais, n\u2019avait pu se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 laisser sans protection son nouveau-n\u00e9. Entre le p\u00e8re et le fils, elle avait choisi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Moins de trois semaines plus tard, Saint-Just, partant pour le front et bien d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0y chercher la mort\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tait pass\u00e9 par Bl\u00e9rancourt pour se r\u00e9concilier avec la terrible m\u00e8re qui l\u2019avait trahi \u00e0 m\u00eame pas dix-huit ans et l\u2019avait fait emprisonner lorsqu\u2019il avait quitt\u00e9, mineur, le toit familial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le 26 juin, il \u00e9tait \u00e0 Fleurus, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de son ami le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Jourdan, qu\u2019il avait sauv\u00e9 des poignards ennemis en le cachant dans son\u00a0 appartement. Par trois fois, il y avait conduit la charge, traversant sabres et mitraille sans une \u00e9gratignure. La mort ne le voulait pas l\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Ce m\u00eame jour, en Corse, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, en cong\u00e9-maladie, attendait prudemment de savoir qui allait tirer les marrons du feu et au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de qui.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le 8 thermidor (26 juillet) Robespierre \u00e9tait venu, devant l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e, faire son ultime discours, appel\u00e9 tr\u00e8s justement <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.assemblee-nationale.fr\/decouvrir-l-assemblee\/histoire\/grands-moments-d-eloquence\/robespierre-26-juillet-1794\">son testament de mort.*<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Les conjur\u00e9s, exasp\u00e9r\u00e9s par la peur et l\u2019impatience, avaient emp\u00each\u00e9 Saint-Just de prononcer le sien. L\u2019\u00ab\u00a0Archange de la Terreur\u00a0\u00bb avait alors fait ce que ferait deux si\u00e8cles plus tard Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, Premier ministre, au moment de sa propre mise \u00e0 mort politique\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/antoine-saint-just.fr\/textes\/27-07-94.html\">forc\u00e9 les greffiers \u00e0 enregistrer ce qu\u2019on ne lui avait pas laiss\u00e9 dire.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">La suite est archi-connue\u00a0: l\u2019arrestation, la d\u00e9livrance par la Commune, l\u2019appel du peuple aux armes que Robespierre, apr\u00e8s avoir trac\u00e9 les deux premi\u00e8res lettres de son nom, n\u2019avait pu se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 signer, parce que cela e\u00fbt fait de lui le chef d\u2019une faction. Saint-Just n\u2019avait-il pas dit \u00ab\u00a0Je ne suis d\u2019aucune faction, je les combattrai toutes\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0? Le moment venu de choisir, ils avaient choisi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">La fin se d\u00e9roule comme un mauvais film\u00a0gore : l\u2019irruption des tueurs \u00e0 gages dans l\u2019H\u00f4tel de Ville o\u00f9 ils se tenaient, la balle du gendarme Merda lui fracassant la m\u00e2choire. L\u2019invalide Couthon pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 avec sa chaise roulante au bas des escaliers, les autres mont\u00e9s en chaussettes sur le rebord ext\u00e9rieur des fen\u00eatres, appelant \u00e0 l\u2019aide la Garde en faction sur la place\u2026 qu\u2019une tra\u00eetrise de Bourdon avait fait renvoyer et remplacer par des complices des conjur\u00e9s \u00a0\u2013 c\u2019est donc leurs assassins qu\u2019ils appelaient \u00e0 l\u2019aide. La longue nuit o\u00f9, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Robespierre aux outrages, tourment\u00e9 sans r\u00e9pit par ses tortionnaires, Saint-Just debout, les bras crois\u00e9s, avait attendu avec hauteur le moment de leur ex\u00e9cution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">La s\u00e9quence ultime est non moins connue\u00a0: le parcours en charrette, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des 116\u2026 les membres de Couthon, moribond, cass\u00e9s pour pouvoir l\u2019allonger sur la planche, le cadavre de Le Bas guillotin\u00e9 pour la forme, et enfin, le grand cri de Robespierre \u00e0 qui Samson venait d\u2019arracher la m\u00e2choire avant de le d\u00e9capiter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">L\u2019enterrement des cadavres dans une grande fosse commune du cimeti\u00e8re des Errancis, recouverts de chaux vive, et le cimeti\u00e8re d\u00e9finitivement ferm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0pour que le peuple n\u2019y vienne pas en p\u00e8lerinage\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Robespierre avait un grand chien, cadeau de quelqu\u2019un, appel\u00e9 Blount, qui avait disparu au d\u00e9part de son ma\u00eetre et qui fut retrouv\u00e9, trois jours plus tard, sur la fosse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Pour faire bonne mesure, on construisit sur le charnier une guinguette, et la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration suivante vint y danser sans savoir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Au nombre de ceux qui sont mont\u00e9s ce jour-l\u00e0 sur la guillotine avec Robespierre, il y avait un g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sans-culotte nomm\u00e9 Servais Boulanger. Servais \u00e9tait un ouvrier orf\u00e8vre, un Li\u00e9geois immigr\u00e9, habitant du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, qui avait particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la prise de la Bastille. H\u00e9bertiste, il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 par deux fois au bord de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution et, par deux fois, Robespierre lui avait sauv\u00e9 la vie en r\u00e9clamant une commission d\u2019enqu\u00eate charg\u00e9e de prouver les crimes qu\u2019on lui reprochait. Il ne put le sauver cette troisi\u00e8me fois. Sans illusions, lorsque les conjur\u00e9s \u00e9taient venus l\u2019arr\u00eater dans la cour de la Halle aux Bl\u00e9s, son aide de camp s\u2019\u00e9tait suicid\u00e9 d\u2019un coup de pistolet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Toute cette fin de trag\u00e9die s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9roul\u00e9e sous une canicule impitoyable. Les ex\u00e9cutions termin\u00e9es (il y en aurait encore beaucoup d\u2019autres), l\u2019orage, enfin, creva.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0_____________________<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0Dans l&rsquo;avant-derni\u00e8re ligne du Discours de Robespierre, publi\u00e9 par l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e Nationale, il y a une faute de fran\u00e7ais manifeste qui vient peut-\u00eatre des greffiers (?). Robespierre <strong>n&rsquo;a pas pu<\/strong> \u00e9crire \u00ab hommes de biens \u00bb. Sur cette expression, v. H. Guillemin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Une comm\u00e9moration parmi d\u2019autres\u00a0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Midi-Insoumis-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5815\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Midi-Insoumis-GIF-300x32.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Midi-Insoumis-GIF-300x32.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Midi-Insoumis-GIF-768x82.gif 768w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Midi-Insoumis-GIF-1024x110.gif 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\">8, 9, 10 thermidor Robespierre abattu, R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise termin\u00e9e<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\">dimanche 28 juillet 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5739\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gauchemip.org\/spip.php?article5584\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">http:\/\/www.gauchemip.org\/spip.php?article5584<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 48pt; color: #c00000;\">\u2026 retour aux fondamentaux<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Max-ROB-00-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5733\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Max-ROB-00-GIF-239x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"565\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 36pt;\">Le grand m\u00e9chant Robespierre<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marc Belissa et Yannick Bosc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Interview\u00e9s par Le M\u00e9dia \u2013 8 juin 2019<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Dans ce nouveau num\u00e9ro de <em>La Grande H<\/em>. consacr\u00e9 au personnage de Robespierre, Julien Th\u00e9ry re\u00e7oit les deux historiens Marc Belissa et Yannick Bosc. On y \u00e9voque la diabolisation de la figure r\u00e9volutionnaire depuis sa mort jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 aujourd&rsquo;hui.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Avec les historiens Marc Belissa (Univ. de Paris Nanterre) et Yannick Bosc (Univ. de Rouen). Avant m\u00eame son arrestation et son ex\u00e9cution lors de Thermidor (juillet 1794), Maximilien Robespierre a \u00e9t\u00e9 outranci\u00e8rement vilipend\u00e9 et calomni\u00e9 par les ennemis de la R\u00e9volution, en particulier par les presses royaliste et anglaise. Son \u00e9limination a \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement justifi\u00e9e par une diabolisation destin\u00e9e \u00e0 discr\u00e9diter tout projet de d\u00e9mocratie r\u00e9elle au profit d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me repr\u00e9sentatif rel\u00e9guant le peuple \u00e0 la passivit\u00e9 et laissant aux poss\u00e9dants le monopole d&rsquo;un gouvernement \u00ab des comp\u00e9tences \u00bb men\u00e9 en fonction de leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats. En \u00e9voquant les diff\u00e9rents regards successivement port\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;\u00ab Incorruptible \u00bb jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nos jours, M. Belissa et Y. Bosc montrent la permanence de l&rsquo;enjeu politique essentiel qui s&rsquo;est cristallis\u00e9 autour de cette figure. Enjeu qui demeure on-ne-peut-plus actuel : la d\u00e9mocratie r\u00e9elle, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;action des repr\u00e9sentants serait strictement contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par le peuple, est-elle possible ? Une \u00e9mission de Julien Th\u00e9ry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FX03HWtOEa4\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 36pt;\"><strong>Deux ou trois choses qu\u2019on peut lire en dehors du bourrage de cr\u00e2nes bis\u00e9culaire<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Couverture-R.-La-Fabr.-dun-mythe.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5734\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Couverture-R.-La-Fabr.-dun-mythe-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Couverture-R.-La-Fabr.-dun-mythe-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Couverture-R.-La-Fabr.-dun-mythe.jpg 329w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Marc BELISSA, <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Yannick BOSC<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><em>Robespierre, la fabrication d\u2019un mythe<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>\u00c9d.<\/em><\/strong> <strong>Ellipses Marketing (19 novembre 2013)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>456 pages<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 240px;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9diteurs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 240px;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) fait partie de ces figures historiques qui suscitent toujours le d\u00e9bat, non seulement parmi les historiens, mais aussi dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 travaill\u00e9e encore aujourd&rsquo;hui par la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. Si Robespierre n&rsquo;a jamais cess\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00eatre d&rsquo;actualit\u00e9, c&rsquo;est parce qu&rsquo;\u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape de leur histoire, les Fran\u00e7ais se sont affront\u00e9s sur la signification et l&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage de la R\u00e9volution dont il fut un des acteurs les plus importants. Deux si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s son ex\u00e9cution le 10 thermidor an II (28 juillet 1794), il est impossible de comprendre Robespierre sans entreprendre une d\u00e9construction des l\u00e9gendes, des repr\u00e9sentations iconographiques, historiographiques ou politiques qui se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9s jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 nos jours. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;objet de cet ouvrage qui constitue non une biographie de l&rsquo;Incorruptible, mais plut\u00f4t une histoire de la fabrication du \u00ab\u00a0mythe Robespierre\u00a0\u00bb, de sa gen\u00e8se et de ses enjeux politiques. De ses adversaires thermidoriens jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ceux qui le voient en ce d\u00e9but de XXIe si\u00e8cle comme un utopiste glac\u00e9 et sanglant, de ses admirateurs r\u00e9publicains du d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ceux qui le consid\u00e8rent aujourd&rsquo;hui encore comme une source d&rsquo;inspiration dans les combats politiques et sociaux de notre temps, Robespierre, ou plut\u00f4t les Robespierre, n&rsquo;ont pas fini d&rsquo;\u00eatre un objet d&rsquo;histoire conflictuel et actuel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 240px;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Les auteurs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 240px;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Marc BELISSA est ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences et directeur de recherches en histoire moderne \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Paris Ouest Nanterre. Il a publi\u00e9 de nombreux ouvrages sur le XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, les Lumi\u00e8res et la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise dont <strong><em>Fraternit\u00e9 Universelle et Int\u00e9r\u00eat National (1713-1795)<\/em>.<\/strong> <strong><em>Les cosmopolitiques du droit des gens<\/em><\/strong>, Paris, Kim\u00e9, 1998, <strong><em>Repenser l&rsquo;ordre europ\u00e9en 1795-1802<\/em><\/strong>, Paris, Kim\u00e9, 2006, ainsi que <em>Haendel en son temps<\/em>, Paris, Ellipses, 2011.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 240px;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Yannick BOSC est ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en histoire moderne \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Rouen, il a publi\u00e9 notamment <em>Les voix de la <strong>R\u00e9volution<\/strong><\/em><strong> <em>: projets pour la d\u00e9mocratie<\/em><\/strong> (avec Sophie Wahnich), Paris, La Documentation fran\u00e7aise, 1990, une anthologie des discours de Robespierre, <strong><em>Pour le bonheur et pour la libert\u00e9<\/em><\/strong> (avec Florence Gauthier et Sophie Wahnich), Paris, La Fabrique, 2000 ainsi que l&rsquo;ouvrage collectif <strong><em>R\u00e9publicanismes et droit naturel<\/em><\/strong> (avec Marc Belissa et Florence Gauthier), Paris, Kim\u00e9, 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 42pt;\"><strong>Gertrud Kolmar et Robespierre<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/gertrud.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5735\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/gertrud-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/gertrud-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/gertrud.jpg 458w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Gertrud Kolmar (1894 &#8211; 1943)<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">On ne se plaindra pas que, du monde myst\u00e9rieux de l\u2019\u00e9dition fran\u00e7aise, nous arrivent parfois, de v\u00e9ritables p\u00e9pites. C\u2019est le cas du recueil de po\u00e8mes <em><strong>Robespierre [po\u00e9sie]<\/strong><\/em>, suivi de <em><strong>Le portrait de Robespierre<\/strong>,<\/em> de la po\u00e9tesse Gertrud Kolmar, publi\u00e9 par les \u00e9ditions Circ\u00e9. Qui conna\u00eet Gertrud Kolmar ? Ce recueil de po\u00e8mes ? Qui plus est, consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 Robespierre ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">[..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/couverture-Kol\u00f9ar-MR.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5736\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/couverture-Kol\u00f9ar-MR-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/couverture-Kol\u00f9ar-MR-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/couverture-Kol\u00f9ar-MR.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Gertrud Kolmar<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><em>Robespierre<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Circ\u00e9, 2017<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">217 pages<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Les Amis d\u2019Henri Guillemin ont consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 ce livre et \u00e0 Gertrud Kolmar (morte en 1941 au camp d\u2019Auschwitz) un article tr\u00e8s document\u00e9, suivi d\u2019un commentaire de Patrick R\u00f6del. Les voici\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5739\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.henriguillemin.org\/livres\/robespierre-toujours-vivant\/\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">http:\/\/www.henriguillemin.org\/livres\/robespierre-toujours-vivant\/<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 42pt;\"><strong>Bronterre O\u2019Brien et Maximilien<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la po\u00e9sie, il restera \u00e0 publier un jour (?) les <em>\u00c9l\u00e9gies<\/em> sur la mort de Maximilien, pi\u00e8ces de vers du chartiste Bronterre O\u2019Brien,\u00a0 qui sont conserv\u00e9es en feuilles volantes \u00e0 la <em>British Library,<\/em> sans rapport autre que leur objet avec la dissertation qui suit, conserv\u00e9e, elle, \u00e0 la <em>National Library of Australia<\/em>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5737\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"955\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy-768x1222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy-644x1024.jpg 644w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Dissertation-and-Elegy.jpg 770w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pour lire ce document de 93 pages [y compris l\u2019Ode \u00e0 Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte\u00a0: <em>\u00ab\u00a0Imperial puppet\u00a0! \u2013 idol of an hour\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>], voir ici\u00a0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5739\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-freccia-nera-piccola-xx-1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.obj-52889799\/view?partId=nla.obj-112244027#page\/n5\/mode\/1up\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">https:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.obj-52889799\/view?partId=nla.obj-112244027#page\/n5\/mode\/1up<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Incidemment\u2026 Qu\u2019est all\u00e9e faire en Australie cette publication anglaise si particuli\u00e8re\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">C\u2019est que nos amis grand-bretons ont beaucoup pratiqu\u00e9, au XIXe si\u00e8cle, la d\u00e9portation \u00e0 vie des opposants. De l\u00e0 que bon nombre d\u2019Australiens et de N\u00e9o-Z\u00e9landais d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui descendent, peut-\u00eatre sans le savoir, de militants du chartisme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>\u00c0 propos de Bronterre\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Ce que g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement on ignore, c\u2019est que le long s\u00e9jour que l\u2019auteur avait fait \u00e0 Paris, et les nombreux entretiens qu\u2019il y avait eus avec les t\u00e9moins encore en vie du parcours de Robespierre, dont il est question dans le document ci-dessus, devaient fournir la mati\u00e8re du IIe volume de sa biographie de Maximilien, mais que le manuscrit jamais publi\u00e9 est sans doute irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement perdu\u00a0: son s\u00e9jour en France avait si fort mis \u00e0 mal ses finances, que le pauvre Bronterre ne pouvait plus payer son loyer. Jet\u00e9 \u00e0 la rue et tous ses biens saisis, il a ainsi vu dispara\u00eetre aux mains des huissiers son pr\u00e9cieux manuscrit, sans aucun espoir de le revoir jamais. Tous les efforts des historiens du chartisme pour le retrouver, et ce jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des \u00a0ann\u00e9es 1980, sont rest\u00e9s vains.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 52pt; color: #c00000;\">De la Nakba fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nakba ha\u00eftienne<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/revolution-haiti-france-938x535.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5740\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/revolution-haiti-france-938x535-300x171.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/revolution-haiti-france-938x535-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/revolution-haiti-france-938x535-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/revolution-haiti-france-938x535.jpg 938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 42pt;\"><strong>Toussaint Louverture, la dignit\u00e9 r\u00e9volt\u00e9e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\">Br\u00e8ve histoire du pr\u00e9curseur de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019Ha\u00efti par Salim Lamrani, universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union .<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5741\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-150x150.gif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>Premi\u00e8re partie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5742\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA-300x129.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA-768x330.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA-1024x440.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/toussaint-LHUMA.jpg 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Depuis la r\u00e9volte de Spartacus en 73 avant J\u00e9sus-Christ contre l\u2019oppression de l\u2019esclavage dans la Rome antique, aucun peuple asservi ne s\u2019\u00e9tait soulev\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s contre le joug des cha\u00eenes. En 1791, Toussaint Louverture, fid\u00e8le au principe selon lequel les droits naturels de l\u2019\u00eatre humain \u00e9taient imprescriptibles, reprit le flambeau de la lutte pour l\u2019\u00e9mancipation, tout comme le l\u00e9gendaire gladiateur romain, revendiquant ainsi le droit du peuple noir \u00e0 la libert\u00e9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanite.fr\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-673071#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">L\u2019insurrection des exploit\u00e9s brisa les cha\u00eenes de l\u2019asservissement colonial et ouvrit la voie \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019Ha\u00efti, premi\u00e8re nation du Nouveau-Monde \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir sa libert\u00e9. L\u2019influence d\u00e9cisive de Toussaint Louverture et du peuple ha\u00eftien dans l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine n\u2019est toujours pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 sa juste valeur. Les esclaves noirs de Saint-Domingue, en menant une lutte acharn\u00e9e contre les oppresseurs fran\u00e7ais, montr\u00e8rent le chemin de l\u2019affranchissement aux peuples assujettis du continent et chang\u00e8rent le cours de l\u2019Histoire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Quelle fut la trajectoire du h\u00e9ros national ha\u00eftien\u00a0? Comment a-t-il r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 renverser le syst\u00e8me esclavagiste, conqu\u00e9rant ainsi la libert\u00e9 de son peuple\u00a0? Comment est-il devenu le premier organisateur de la nation\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Toussaint Louverture, r\u00e9volt\u00e9 d\u00e8s son plus jeune \u00e2ge par l\u2019esclavage qu\u2019il subira dans sa propre chair, m\u00e8nera la r\u00e9volte des \u00e9cras\u00e9s et combattra la violence coloniale de l\u2019Empire fran\u00e7ais. Le<em>\u00a0Premier des Noirs\u00a0<\/em>rejoindra ensuite la R\u00e9volution \u00e9mancipatrice men\u00e9e par Maximilien Robespierre, r\u00e9unifiera l\u2019\u00eele en chassant les Espagnols et les Anglais et organisera la nation en la dotant d\u2019une ambitieuse Constitution. Trahi par Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, qui refusera obstin\u00e9ment d\u2019accepter la destin\u00e9e de la premi\u00e8re nation d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir son ind\u00e9pendance, Toussaint Louverture finira ses jours dans un cachot du Jura, loin de la terre qu\u2019il a lib\u00e9r\u00e9e, l\u00e9guant au Nouveau-Monde l\u2019exemple de la dignit\u00e9 conquise par la lutte. En effet, la R\u00e9volution ha\u00eftienne, m\u00e8re de toutes les R\u00e9volutions d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine, ouvrira la voie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mancipation des peuples du continent de la tutelle coloniale europ\u00e9enne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-i\/\"><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Lire la suite\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>URL de cet article\u00a0: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-i\/\">http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-i\/<\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5741\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-150x150.gif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>Deuxi\u00e8me partie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Proclamation-dind\u00e9pendance.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5743\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Proclamation-dind\u00e9pendance-300x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Proclamation-dind\u00e9pendance-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Proclamation-dind\u00e9pendance.png 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>L\u2019unification de l\u2019\u00eele et l\u2019instauration du pouvoir<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">La partie espagnole de l\u2019\u00eele \u00e9tait devenue fran\u00e7aise le 22 juillet 1795 avec la signature du trait\u00e9 de B\u00e2le. Mais la R\u00e9publique, qui consacrait toutes ses forces \u00e0 l\u2019av\u00e8nement de la R\u00e9volution et \u00e0 ses soubresauts \u00e9manant de la trahison thermidorienne et de l\u2019assassinat de Robespierre, n\u2019avait pas encore pris possession du territoire. Celui-ci \u00e9tait encore sous le contr\u00f4le d\u2019un gouverneur espagnol. Le 26 janvier 1801, Toussaint Louverture d\u00e9cida alors de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019unification territoriale et, par ses efforts, arriva \u00e0 instaurer la paix civile dans l\u2019\u00eele. Les colons qui s\u2019\u00e9taient enfuis suite \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution louverturiste furent incit\u00e9s \u00e0 rentrer et \u00e0 apporter leur concours au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00eele<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanite.fr\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-673181#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e centrale de Saint-Domingue, sous l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de Toussaint Louverture, adopta une constitution le 2 juillet 1801 qui octroyait une importante autonomie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eele, l\u2019\u00e9mancipant ainsi de la tutelle de la France sans pour autant rompre d\u00e9finitivement les liens avec la puissance coloniale. Elle se basait sur l\u2019article 91 de la Constitution fran\u00e7aise de 1799 qui stipulait que \u00ab\u00a0le r\u00e9gime des colonies fran\u00e7aises [\u00e9tait] d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par des lois sp\u00e9ciales\u00a0\u00bb. Toussaint Louverture fut alors nomm\u00e9 gouverneur \u00e0 vie de Saint-Domingue<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanite.fr\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-673181#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-ii\/\"><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Lire la suite\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>URL de cet article\u00a0:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-ii\/\">http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-ii\/<\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5741\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-150x150.gif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>Troisi\u00e8me partie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Toussaint-Caraibe.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5744\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Toussaint-Caraibe-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Toussaint-Caraibe-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Toussaint-Caraibe.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>La trahison de Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Face \u00e0 la t\u00e9nacit\u00e9 des habitants, accabl\u00e9 par le climat et les maladies, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc proposa la fin des hostilit\u00e9s<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn1\">[1]<\/a>. Pour sauver les vies humaines, Toussaint accepta le pacte \u00e0 condition qu\u2019il s\u2019ag\u00eet d\u2019une paix digne et honorable. \u00ab<em>\u00a0L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public exigeait que je fisse de grands sacrifices\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, \u00e9crivit-il dans ses m\u00e9moires<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. L\u2019accord fut conclu sur les bases suivantes\u00a0: libert\u00e9 pour tous les citoyens de l\u2019\u00eele et conservation de leur grade et fonction pour tous les officiers civils et militaires. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, le leader noir conserverait son \u00e9tat-major et choisirait son lieu de r\u00e9sidence<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">L\u2019accord de paix fut conclu et Toussaint Louverture d\u00e9cida de se retirer \u00e0 Ennery<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn4\">[4]<\/a>. Mais les promesses ne furent pas tenues. Ainsi, les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux Jean-Jacques Dessalines et Charles Belair, qui devaient conserver leurs commandements respectifs \u00e0 Saint-Marc et \u00e0 l\u2019Arcahaye, furent d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn5\">[5]<\/a>. Conscient de la popularit\u00e9 du leader de Saint-Domingue, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc d\u00e9p\u00eacha une troupe de 500 soldats dans le petit bourg o\u00f9 Toussaint Louverture avait \u00e9lu demeure, afin de le surveiller<a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. Ce dernier \u00e9tait lucide sur la situation et n\u2019\u00e9tait pas dupe du sort qui l\u2019attendait\u00a0: \u00ab<em>\u00a0Le lendemain, je re\u00e7us dans cette habitation la visite du commandant d\u2019Ennery, et je m\u2019aper\u00e7us fort bien que ce militaire, loin de me rendre une visite d\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9, n\u2019\u00e9tait venu chez moi que pour reconna\u00eetre ma demeure et les avenues, afin d\u2019avoir plus de facilit\u00e9 de s\u2019emparer de moi, lorsqu\u2019on lui en donnerait l\u2019ordre<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/1\/#m_-8106775432870048937_m_8265787580840543083__ftn7\"><em>[<\/em>7]<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-iii\/\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial black, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Lire la suite\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>URL de cet article\u00a0: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-iii\/\">http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/toussaint-louverture-la-dignite-revoltee-iii\/<\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Salim-lamrani.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5745\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Salim-lamrani-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Salim-lamrani-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Salim-lamrani-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Salim-lamrani.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Docteur \u00e8s Etudes Ib\u00e9riques et Latino-am\u00e9ricaines de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris IV-Sorbonne,<\/em><strong> Salim Lamrani<\/strong><em> est Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, sp\u00e9cialiste des relations entre Cuba et les <\/em><em>\u00c9<\/em><em>tats-Unis.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Son dernier ouvrage s\u2019intitule <\/em>Fidel Castro, h\u00e9ros des d\u00e9sh\u00e9rit\u00e9s<em>, Paris, Editions Estrella, 2016. <\/em><em>Pr\u00e9face d\u2019Ignacio Ramonet.<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Contact\u00a0: <\/em><em><a href=\"mailto:lamranisalim@yahoo.fr\">lamranisalim@yahoo.fr<\/a><\/em><em>\u00a0; <\/em><em><a href=\"mailto:Salim.Lamrani@univ-reunion.fr\">Salim.Lamrani@univ-reunion.fr<\/a><\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Page Facebook\u00a0: <\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SalimLamraniOfficiel\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SalimLamraniOfficiel<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5741\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Saint-Domingue-GIF-150x150.gif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>Napol\u00e9on et Toussaint face \u00e0 face :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Ce que l\u2019histoire officielle ne dit pas et que Salim Lamrani pourrait tenter de v\u00e9rifier, c\u2019est que Napol\u00e9on n\u2019aurait rien \u00e9pargn\u00e9 pour faire dire \u00e0 Toussaint prisonnier \u00ab\u00a0o\u00f9 il avait cach\u00e9 son tr\u00e9sor\u00a0\u00bb et n\u2019aurait jamais pu se r\u00e9soudre \u00e0 croire <em>qu\u2019il n\u2019y en avait pas.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">L\u2019id\u00e9e qu\u2019un homme puisse, \u00e0 la pointe du sabre, prendre la direction d\u2019un pays sans s\u2019emplir les poches au passage \u00e9tait inconcevable pour le futur empereur. On peut m\u00eame penser qu\u2019\u00e0 ses yeux, elle \u00e9tait anath\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">L.G.O.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5732\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0.-cocarde-rouge-bleu-bis-3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"64\" height=\"66\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><em>\u00ab\u00a0Il nous lisait Voltaire, le soir \u00e0 la veill\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\">\u00c9lisabeth Duplay<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 52pt; color: #c00000;\">D\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 Dieudonn\u00e9 M\u2019Bala M\u2019Bala<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">En ces temps de pers\u00e9cution d\u2019artistes qui ne pensent pas en file indienne, il nous pla\u00eet de rappeler que non seulement ces pers\u00e9cutions ne sont pas nouvelles, puisque nombre d\u2019\u0153uvres de Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet et de quelques-uns de ses illustres confr\u00e8res furent publi\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, notamment en Hollande et au Pays de Li\u00e8ge, mais que, de notre vivant, alors que Dieudonn\u00e9 \u00e9tait encore dans les choux, les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique ont vu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dinosoria.com\/maccarthysme.htm\">une vague de pers\u00e9cutions sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/a> m\u00eame dans leur histoire archi-bigote\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Il s\u2019agit de la chasse lanc\u00e9e par le s\u00e9nateur du Wisconsin Joseph MacCarthy sur la fleur de l\u2019intelligentsia US, souvent d\u2019origine juive d\u2019Europe centrale ou orientale, qui se retrouva du jour au lendemain frapp\u00e9e au fer rouge de la marque infamante\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0communiste\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Hollywood, qui \u00e9tait en particulier leur fief, se trouva d\u00e9peupl\u00e9 de son \u00e9lite (pour une fois que le mot \u00e9tait appropri\u00e9\u00a0!). Beaucoup de personnes de grand talent \u2013 artistes et intellectuels, po\u00e8tes, romanciers, essayistes, sc\u00e9naristes \u2013 se retrouv\u00e8rent du jour au lendemain sans gagne-pain et poursuivis par un tribunal d\u2019exception\u00a0: la trop fameuse Commission MacCarthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Certains d\u2019entre eux, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des sympathies anonymes, continu\u00e8rent \u00e0 s\u2019exprimer tant bien que mal sous des pseudonymes, mais le mal fut irr\u00e9parable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5746\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"78\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00c0 ce propos, on rappellera entre parenth\u00e8ses que la m\u00eame chose s\u2019\u00e9tait produite en Allemagne nazie, et que le chef d\u2019\u0153uvre du cin\u00e9ma allemand \u00e0 grand spectacle, <em>Les fantastiques aventures du baron de Munchausen<\/em>, tourn\u00e9 \u00e0 la demande de Goebbels en 1943, pour les 25 ans de la UFA, a eu pour sc\u00e9nariste un auteur (allemand et non juif) frapp\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction par le m\u00eame Goebbels (ses livres br\u00fbl\u00e9s en public, il y assista en cachette)\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erich_K%C3%A4stner#Berlin_1933_-_1945\">Erich K\u00e4stner<\/a>, lequel, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019insistance de dieusait qui \u00e0 la UFA, fut exceptionnellement autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire le sc\u00e9nario du film, \u00e0 condition qu\u2019il le f\u00eet sous un pseudonyme\u00a0: celui de Berthold B\u00fcrgerle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5747\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers-300x113.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers-1024x385.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hans-Albers.jpg 1198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00ab\u00a0Berthold B\u00fcgerle\u00a0\u00bb ne fut pas invit\u00e9 \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re en fanfare du film, et m\u00eame, aussit\u00f4t apr\u00e8s, son autorisation d\u2019\u00e9crire lui fut retir\u00e9e. C\u2019est ce que raconte, dans ses addenda, la version splendidement restaur\u00e9e du film, sortie en DVD en 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5746\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"78\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">On rappellera enfin que dans leur entreprise de nivelage par le bas, les USA, non contents de se priver aussi b\u00eatement d\u2019un grand nombre d\u2019intellectuels et d\u2019artistes \u00e9tiquet\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0communistes\u00a0\u00bb et qui l\u2019\u00e9taient peut-\u00eatre \u2013 parmi lesquels Charlie Chaplin, qui, ayant perdu sa nationalit\u00e9 US, re\u00e7ut \u00e0 Paris l\u2019accueil d\u2019un roi en exil impossible \u00e0 imaginer dans le Paris d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui \u2013 les Zuniens se priv\u00e8rent aussi de non communistes qui n\u2019eurent droit, eux, qu\u2019\u00e0 la stigmatisation \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9nie trop co\u00fbteux\u00a0\u00bb, notamment Eric von Stroheim et Orson Welles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Deux de ceux qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 ainsi frapp\u00e9s, Lilian Hellman et Leonard Bernstein, eurent l\u2019id\u00e9e de commenter indirectement ces m\u00e9andres d\u00e9sastreux de l\u2019histoire en mettant en musique le <em>Candide<\/em> de Voltaire. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019en 1957 naquit l\u2019op\u00e9ra-comique le plus brillant de la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle et un authentique chef d\u2019\u0153uvre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Que faire de mieux, puisque l\u2019histoire se r\u00e9p\u00e8te, que vous offrir, en ce jour de sombre anniversaire, l\u2019enregistrement historique d\u2019une version de concert donn\u00e9e \u00e0 Londres, au Barbican, en d\u00e9cembre 1989, par le compositeur et une pl\u00e9iade de grands chanteurs qui, tous, eurent, ce soir-l\u00e0, une miraculeuse ressemblance physique avec les cr\u00e9atures de Voltaire auxquelles ils donnaient voix.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 36pt;\"><strong>Candide<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Dir.\u00a0: Leonard Bernstein<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Londres \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 1989<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cMIzHnyuiNY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5746\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/34.-Tricorne-\u00e0-plumes-x.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"86\" height=\"78\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 18pt; color: #c00000;\"><strong><em>Pour mesurer ce que l\u2019Am\u00e9rique a perdu avec l\u2019interdiction professionnelle de Lilian Hellman \u00a0et de tant d\u2019autres (ici Dorothy Parker, John Latouche, Stephen Sondheim, John Wells et Richard Wilbur), y compris Leonard Bernstein lui-m\u00eame, qui aimait\u00a0 rappeler \u00e0 l\u2019occasion, comment \u00ab\u00a0on\u00a0\u00bb lui avait confisqu\u00e9 son passeport pour qu\u2019il ne p\u00fbt sortir des USA\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">(\u00e0 40:00)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>What a day, what a day for an <em>auto da f\u00e9<\/em> !<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">(qui contient ce petit bijou d\u2019air de la v\u00e9role)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day, what a day<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For an auto-da-f\u00e9 !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a sunny summer sky !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day, what a day<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For an auto-da-f\u00e9 !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It&rsquo;s a lovely day for drinking<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And for watching people fry !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hurry, hurry, hurry,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Watch&#8217;em die !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hurry, hurry, hurry,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hang &#8217;em high !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">BEAR-KEEPER<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">See the great Russian bear !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">COSMETIC MERCHANT<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Buy a comb for your hair !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">WOMEN<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But the price is much too high !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">DOCTOR<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Here be potions and pills<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For your fevers and chills !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">WOMEN<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But we haven&rsquo;t any money<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">So there&rsquo;s nothing we can buy !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">JUNKMAN<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Any kind of metal<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bought and sold !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">ALCHEMIST<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Any kind of metal<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Turned to gold !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">JUNKMAN<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pots and pans,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Metal cans,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bought or traded or sold !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pans and pots<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And what-nots !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Trading new ones for old !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">ALCHEMIST<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pots and pans,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Metal cans,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">I can turn them into gold !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pans and pots<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And what-nots !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For a tiny fee<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">My alchemy<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Can turn them into gold !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hurry, hurry, hurry,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Come and buy !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hurry, hurry, hurry,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Come and try !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a fair, what a fair !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Things to buy everywhere,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But the prices are too high !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">It&rsquo;s not fair, it&rsquo;s not fair,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Things to buy everywhere;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But we haven&rsquo;t any money<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">So there&rsquo;s nothing we can buy !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But you can&rsquo;t execute me; I&rsquo;m too sick to die !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What d\u2019ya mean sick ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Oh my darling Paquette,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">She is haunting me yet<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">With a dear souvenir<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">I shall never forget.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">&lsquo;Twas a gift that she got<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">From a seafaring Scot,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">He received he believed in Shalott !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">In Shalott from his dame<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Who was certain it came<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">With a kiss from a Swiss<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">(She&rsquo;d forgotten his name),<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But he told her that he<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Had been given it free<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">By a sweet little cheat in Paree.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Then a man from Japan,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Then a Moor from Iran,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Though the Moor isn&rsquo;t sure<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">How the whole thing began;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But the gift we can see<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Had a long pedigree<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When at last it was passed on to me !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Then a man from Japan,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Then a Moor from Iran,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Though the Moor isn&rsquo;t sure<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">How the whole thing began;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But the gift we can see<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Had a long pedigree<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When at last it was passed on to he !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Love is sweet, love is sweet,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And the custom is sound,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For it makes the world go &#8217;round.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CANDIDE, PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">I repeat, love is sweet,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And the custom is sound,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For as we\/I have shown it&rsquo;s love alone<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">That makes the world go &#8217;round.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Well, the Moor in the end<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Spent a night with a friend<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And the dear souvenir<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Just continued the trend<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">To a young English lord<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Who was stung, they record,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">By a wasp in a hospital ward !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Well, the wasp on the wing<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Had occasion to sting<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A Milano soprano<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Who brought home the thing<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">To her young paramour,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Who was rendered impure,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And forsook her to look for the cure.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Thus he happened to pass<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Through Westphalia, alas,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Where he met with Paquette,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And she drank from his glass.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">I was pleased as could be<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When it came back to me;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Makes us all just a small family !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Oh, he happened to pass<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Through Westphalia, alas,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Where he met with Paquette,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And she drank from his glass.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">He is pleased as can be<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For it shows him that we<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">One and all are a small family !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">I am pleased as can be<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For it shows us that we<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">One and all are a small family !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day, what a day<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">For an auto-da-f\u00e9 !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a lovely day for drinking<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And for watching people fry !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day, what a day,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Oh, what a day,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a perfect day for hanging !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">GRAND INQUISITOR<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Silence !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shall we let the sinners go or try them ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Try them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Are the culprits innocent or guilty ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Guilty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shall we pardon them or hang them ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Hang them.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a lovely day, what a jolly day,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day for a holiday !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">He don&rsquo;t mix meat and dairy,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">He don&rsquo;t eat humble pie,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">So sing a miserere<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And hang the bastard high !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Are our methods legal or illegal ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Legal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Are we judges of the law, or laymen ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Shall we hang them or forget them ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Get them !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a perfect day, what a jolly day,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day for a holiday !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">When foreigners like this come<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">To criticize and spy,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">We chant a pax vobiscum,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And hang the bastard high !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">GRAND INQUISITOR<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The supreme moment has arrived. All ye faithful &#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">genuflect !<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS, INQUISITORS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Oh, pray for us, pray for us!<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Fons pietatis, pray for us !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Davidis turris, pray for us !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Rex majestatis, pray for us !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">(The crowd scatters in fear.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">PANGLOSS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Ladies and gentlemen, one final word. God in his<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">wisdom made it possible to invent the rope&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">aaargh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">CHORUS<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a lovely day what a jolly day,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">What a day for a holiday !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">At last we can be cheery,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The danger&rsquo;s passed us by.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">So sing a Dies Irae<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">And hang the bastard high !<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Oh, what a day !!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">MAXIMILIAN<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pangloss is hanged, Candide flogged. Candide still believes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: times new roman, times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Pangloss was right.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Voltaire-GIF.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5750\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Voltaire-GIF.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mis en ligne le 28 juillet 2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: comic sans ms, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">10 Thermidor An 225<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Naufrage du Vengeur du Peuple \u2013 Juin 1794 &nbsp; &nbsp; Il y a aujourd\u2019hui 225 ans\u2026 THERMIDOR &nbsp; &nbsp; Ils savaient leur r\u00e9volution vaincue. Ils savaient qu\u2019ils allaient mourir. Il y avait eu, au mois d\u2019avril, l\u2019aggravation de la sant\u00e9 de Robespierre et son \u00e9loignement de 40 jours des affaires (oui,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lesgrossesorchadeslesamplesthalameges.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}